Saturday, December 28, 2019

Organisational Structure Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1343 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Organizational Structure Abstract In this paper, I will examine at three approaches that one can take as the HR manager to conduct a job analysis of the Customer Service Representative position. I will mention the pros and cons of each selected approach. Then I will mention the two most important approaches and the challenges that come along with it. I will then mention two strategies that the organization can implement to attract and select qualified applicants for the position. Lastly, I will propose ways that one can use the information obtained from a job analysis to measure the performance of particular position. Examine at least three (3) approaches that you can take as the HR manager to conduct a job analysis of the Customer Service Representative position. Suggest the major pros and cons of each selected approach. Recommend the approach that would be most effective in conducting the job analysis for this organization. Justify your recommendation. As a HR professional ways to create a job description, develop a selection process, develop a training program and create the performance appraisal would be to identify major duties and responsibilities, analyze necessary skills, competencies and workplace knowledge as well as education and training requirements. Three approaches of conducting these procedures of a job analysis would be task through observation, interviews and questionnaires. Observation is a method generally used by managers or job analyst. Observation simply consists of a manager observing another individual conducting the job. While observing, the manager or job analysts takes detailed notes on what is done as far as tasks and duties is concerned (Duminica, 2012). Although observation may be suitable for most positions, it may not be the best method for non-repetitive jobs. Observations can be on going and if a job is not repetitive, it may be difficult to get full, detailed notes on the position. The intervie w method is simply conducting interviews with employees who perform the job. Most times, the employee and the supervisor are interviewed to get a better understanding of the position being analyzed. However, there are times where numerous people have to be interviewed due to a position being team based. This is when the interview method may become difficult because it can become very time consuming. Questionnaires are the most popular method used when conducting a job analysis. Surveys are sent out to employees and management to complete so that the job analyst can get details and answers on the specifications of the job. The good thing about conducting questionnaires is that, it can be done effortlessly on a large group while gaining a significant amount of information. This will give the job analyst more than enough data to conduct the job analysis. The approach that would be the most effective in conducting the job analysis for this organization would be the interview method. Thi s would be the best method because there are not a lot of people that work for this organization. So a job analyst would have the opportunity to have more time to focus on and interview the employee. This way, the job analyst will be able to get all of the information necessary for the job. Select two (2) out of the four (4) approaches to job design that are the most important for you to consider. Suggest two (2) challenges that you may encounter when designing a job using each of the selected approaches. Support your response with specific examples to illustrate the potential advantages and disadvantages of using each approach. The two most important approaches to job design for this organization would be the Human Approach and Job Characteristics Approach. The human approach is based on the importance of the people and the employees. The human approach is more focused on the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s need for recognition, respect, growth and responsibility (MSG, 2013). T he human approach has motivating factors such as achievement and work nature that will motivate employees to work harder. Two challenges that one may encounter when designing a job using the human approach would be diversity and autonomy. It is important that diversity is expressed through the job as a lack of it can contribute to monotonous which leads to reduction in productivity. For instance, management should be open to different ideas so that employees can use their creativity to better company products and services. As far as autonomy, employees should not work in a confined environment but rather one that is open and outgoing that would increase creativity. Companies should include team building exercises so employees can step outside of the box to work together and build better ideas for the company. The job characteristics approach is mainly based on job satisfaction and rewards. When employees reach goals and are productive, they get rewarded for their achievement (MSG, 2 013). As far a job characteristics approach is concerned, dimensions that can be used to describe a job would be skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. Two challenges to this approach would be lack of employee wants and techno stress. This approach is focused on the job itself. If the employee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t feel valued, they will not be motivated to perform their best. For example, if managers are always pounding employees about reaching certain numbers to better the business, employees may feel as though they are not valued personally. Also, employees may always feel pressured if they are constantly being monitored which is where techno stress comes into play. This may become a problem with teleworking for instance. If employees are constantly monitored while working from home, they may feel as though they do not have trust from their employers. Using the four (4) approaches to job design, create two (2) strategies that the organizati on can implement to attract and select qualified applicants for the Customer Service Representative position. Justify the main reasons that the selected strategies would be effective. Two strategies that the organization can implement to attract and select qualified applicants for the Customer Service Representative position would be to specify job details and employee assistance. Specifications should be mentioned, such as duties and responsibilities and skills required as well as the need for candidates with personal goals and growth while providing personal benefits for their employees such health insurance and retirement plans (UCR, 2014). This would be the perfect combination for this position because it will allow the employee to focus on the job at hand while also making sure that their need are met and they are advancing within the company. This will provide first impressions for potential candidates and will only attract individuals who feel they may fit the job descript ion. Propose three (3) ways that you can use the information obtained from a job analysis to measure the performance of Customer Service Representatives. Provide a rationale for your response. Three ways that you can use the information obtained from a job analysis to measure the performance of the position is by conducting a job analysis based performance appraisals and focusing on tasks, behavior, results. Based on the job analysis, employees should be performing certain tasks and responsibilities to conduct their job. Based on what they are actually producing and what the job analysis mentions, this will give you a good idea if the employee is doing what they should be doing. This then leads to the behavior of the employee. Based on the job analysis the work environment should be a high proficient work environment and employees behaviors will react off of these factors (Dale Dwyer, 2010). Finally, the results are self-explanatory. According to the job analysis, employees sh ould be performing to certain levels and executing specific duties. This will help in appraising the employee and ensuring that all responsibilities are being met. References Dale Dwyer, 2010. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HR Knowledge: Job Analysis-Based Performance Appraisalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Retrieved on November 15, 2014 from: https://www.slideshare.net/shrmindia/hr-knowledge-job-analysisbased-performance-appraisals-shrm-india Duminca, 2010. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JOB ANALYSIS METHODSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Retrieved on November 15, 2014 from: https://bloghresources.blogspot.com/2010/02/job-analysis-methods.html MSG, 2013. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Job Analysis Designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Retrieved on November 15, 2014 from: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/factors-affecting-job-design.htm UCR, 2014. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Recruitment Selection Hiring Processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Retrieved on November 15, 2014 from: https://hr.ucr.edu/recruitment/guidelines/process.html 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational Structure Assignment" essay for you Create order

Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Death Penalty Of The United States - 1520 Words

The use of the death penalty in the United States has always been a controversial topic. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a legal process where a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a heinous crime. The judicial decree that someone be punished in this manner is a death sentence, while the actual enforcement is an execution (Bishop 1). Over the years, most of the world has abolished the death penalty. But the United States government, and a majority of its citizens, defend and support its continued use. There is evidence, however, that some attitudes about the death penalty are changing. The first known execution was in the colony of Virginia in 1622, by the 1800s the law in the United States not only accepted capital punishment but also required it (â€Å"Facts about the Death Penalty† 3). Execution was the automatic penalty for anyone convicted of murder or several other serious crimes. The debate has shifted from whether capital punishment is appropriate in a modern civilized society to questions about the fairness of the trials and the reliability of the results. These questions have contributed to the rise of citizens who oppose the death penalty (â€Å"Facts about the Death Penalty† 3). A divided United States Supreme Court also appears to be struggling with several important aspects of the death penalty. Especially vulnerable members of society like children, the mentally ill, and the mentally retarded who are viewed as undeservingShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of The Death Penalty894 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America has b een influenced by the Britain’s use of death penalty when Europeans first settled into the new world. Majority of the states still carry out executions, and there are hundreds of people that are on a death row sentence. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, and Criminal Justice Legal Foundation are two opposing organizations. The NCADP is against the death penalty while the CJLF is for the death penalty. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1733 Words   |  7 Pagesanswer? Then why is there such thing as a death penalty? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. This is what is stated in the 14th amendment of the Bill of Rights. So why is there still a death penalty in the United States? The first laws created towards the death penalty go as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which allowed the death penalty to be carried out for 25 different crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States948 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty is a huge controversy in the United States. There are many different feelings regarding the death penalty. Some feel like it is the easy way out for people who have committed heinous acts, and others feel like it is the perfect justice for those individuals. An argument mad e by the website ListVerse explained, that people teach their children not to steal, or commit crimes because they will be sent to prison and punished (ListVerse). Completing their argument, the same websiteRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 Pagesanswer? Then why is there such thing as a death penalty? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. This is what is stated in the 14th amendment of the Bill of Rights. So why is there still a death penalty in the United States? The first laws created towards the death penalty dates back as far as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which allowed the death penalty to be carried out for 25 different crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The United States3694 Words   |  15 PagesThe death penalty, as we know it today, didn’t exist in the United States until 1976. However, the American penal system ha s incorporated capital punishment since the earliest settlements were founded in the early 1600’s. The first recorded execution in the United States occurred in 1608 in Jamestown, Virginia when Captain George Kendall was executed just one year after the Jamestown settlement had been established after he had been convicted of being a spy for Spain (Part I: History of the DeathRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesUpon completing a forum post in a Sociology class this semester I was given the task to watch a documentary discussion the death penalty in the United States. After watching several short films that include testimonies of the death row exonerate s, I learned of just how easily these innocent people were almost murdered by a system that you and I are funding. The victims go on not only to tell of their own suffering but also the horror that their families endured. Many of them had several executionRead MoreThe Death Penalty O f The United States2912 Words   |  12 Pages The death penalty was introduced to The United States by Britain. There have been over 14,000 executions in The United States since 1608. In 2011, 36 states held 3,158 inmates under the death sentence. Hanging, firing squad, the gas chamber, the electric chair, and lethal injections are all methods that are and were used in the history of The United States. Many individuals do not realize what the prisoners go through before getting executed. They also do not know whatRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Safety Of The United States1180 Words   |  5 Pagessystem was made to protect the rights and the safety of the citizens of the United States, It was created to have justice in the United States, But even then it has some flaws. Three of the faults I decided to discuss about are the death penalty, Issues within prison for example; weapons and riots, and high incarceration rates. The death penalty is just one of many faults in the justice system. It is legal in 31 states such as Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, FloridaRead MoreThe Death Penalty During The United States Essay2246 Words   |  9 PagesThe death penalty in the United States can be traced all the way to early American history when it was under the colonial rule of Britain. Though in early history the death penalty was used for even menial crimes such as burglary, capital punishment in the United States is currently used for only the most heinous crimes, such as first degree murder, rape, treason, or espionage. Because the nation was unified under similar Christian beliefs, there was no question of how death could be the worst punishmentRead MoreShould The United States Allowed The Death Penalty?962 Words   |  4 PagesWith all the jails in the United States being overcrowded with convicts with serious crimes, and doing life without parole. I start to wonder what the impact would be if the United States allowed the death penalty to be used in all fifty states? First, I needed to view into other countries and examine why they still allow to have capital punishment in their country. Out of 196 countries in the world only 58 of those countries still embrace capital punishment. China is at the top of the list that

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Child Abuse And The United States - 1798 Words

Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children. The amount of children abused is doubled due to the fact that a single report can include multiple children. The U.S has one of the worst records among industrialized nations, losing an average between four and seven children everyday to abuse and neglect. The sociological theories that can be used to research the issue of child abuse in the US are symbolic interactionism and the conflict theory. Physical abuse of a child is when a parent or caregiver causes any non-accidental physical harm to a child. Physical abuse may include, but is not limited to: striking, kicking, burning, biting, hair pulling, choking, throwing, shoving, or whipping. Even if the caregiver did not mean to cause harm, if the child is injured, the action is considered abuse. Physical discipline from a parent that does not injure or impair a child is not considered abuse; however, non-viol ent alternatives are always available. There are signs that a parent or caregiver is causing physical harm to the child, and they include but are not limited to a history of violence/abuse, that keeps the child away from school, church, or clubs, delays or prevents medical care for the child, takes the child to different doctors or hospitals, displays aggression towards the child, is overly anxious about the child’s behavior, and last, cannot or will not explain the injuries of the child, orShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And The United States3863 Words   |  16 Pagesmore than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children (A report can include multiple children). The United States has one of the worst records among industrialized nations- loses on average between four to seven children every day due to child abuse and neglect† (National Child Abuse Statistics.). There are numerous children who are suffering from ch ild abuse, but determining what child abuse is for each state differs. This makes it harderRead MoreChild Abuse And The United States906 Words   |  4 PagesAn Introduction to Child Abuse in the United States Child abuse is a global problem Child abuse in the U.S. is a shame to our American society and an unnecessary act that achieves nothing but bad actions towards another person. In the U.S. child abuse has increased along the years and just seem to be getting more horrendous. It is a recurring issue that has been happening all around the world to innocent young children and most of these cases are being kept quiet about because they are too scaredRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of The United States1175 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect in the United States David is a 10 years-old boy doing his homework at the kitchen table. The homework consisted of mathematical problems, a short reading and answer question, and memorizing the 50 Capitals of the United States. All the assignments for homework were due on Friday morning, so he quickly finished his homework so he could get to bed. Around 10:00 pm, David’s father came home from work, checked his son’s homework and saw many errors. He immediately went up toRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse On The United States1395 Words   |  6 Pagesinfant or child. Yet nearly a million children are abused in the United States. Unfortunately that excludes children who s incidents of child abuse are unreported and undetected. Child abuse can be defined differently from state to state, but commonly presents in the form of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, neglect and abandonment. The focus of this review is physical abuse, which is defined as non-accidental physical injury, from brui sing to fractures to the most serious cases of abuse endingRead MoreImpact of Child Abuse in the United States Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse in the United States is a growing epidemic. Every year the number of reported cases, and missing children go up. This is caused mostly by lack of education about the different types of child abuse, and the signs that go along with it. Communities need to provide more resources to better educate the public about the types of abuse, and the signs that go along with it. Child abuse and neglect can be lessened by more resources, more education and to reach out to others. Every year an approximateRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Within The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesChild Sexual Abuse: It’s Prevalence and Severity in The United States Today, Americans fail to realize the prevalence and severity of child sexual abuse within the United States. Though crimes of adult rape are of equal importance, the sexual victimization of children, ages seventeen and under, accounted for nearly 70% of all reported sexual assault cases in 2015. To further the issue, arrests were made in only 29% of these child sexual abuse cases; this means that for every ten sexual abuse casesRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Within The United States2211 Words   |  9 Pagesas some college texts, that define and illuminate the four main types of child abuse that exist within the United States. It also discusses some of the effects of abuse and attempts to offer some solutions for this very prevalent societal problem. The definitions of child abuse and neglect vary, based on the context in which they have been studied. Some studies suggest that neglect is the most prevalent type of child abuse in this country. Kaplan, Schene, DePanfilis, and Gi lmore assert that neglectRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Within The United States Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesToday, Americans fail to realize the prevalence and severity of child sexual abuse within the United States. Though crimes of adult rape are of equal importance, the sexual victimization of children, ages seventeen and under, accounted for nearly 70% of all reported sexual assault cases in 2015. To further the issue, arrests were made in only 29% of this child sexual abuse cases; this means that for every ten sexual abuse cases involving children, only three of the perpetrators are convicted andRead MoreEssay on The Child Abuse Epidemic in the United States2312 Words   |  10 Pagesbeing maltreated(Child Abuse Neglect 2015). Child abuse is the mistreatment of a child. Child abuse is recognized in several forms; physical, emotional, sexual and neglect. Children who experience any form of abuse will tend to withdraw themselves from their peers and sometimes from other fami ly members who are not aware of what is taking place. Child abuse occurs not just in the homes of these children, but can also occur in schools, churches and after school programs. Anywhere a child is present thereRead MoreChild Abuse And The United States Department Of Health And Human Services1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Child Abuse There is not one specific type of child abuse in fact there are more than one form of child mistreatment such as: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Before going into further details of the problems and treatment of child abuse; one must know what child abuse is. The United States Department of Health and Human Services provides a standard legal definition of child abuse, CAPTA (2010) states: Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent

Monday, December 16, 2019

Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector Free Essays

string(48) " for the year ended March 31, 2010 and Rs 1658\." India’s real estate market is on a high growth curve. The industry is projected to grow to US$50 billion by the end of FY2010 at an average rate of 20%. Looking at the bigger picture, the recession seems like a hiccup. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite talks of price correction, the worse is definitely behind us. In this feature, we present our list of market leaders. The task was dauntingand complicated. Instead of a list that says India’s Top 20, we divided the players regionally based on their headquarters. Many are national players but some are purely regional players and hence it would be unfair to compare them. The idea was to identify national as well as local leaders. Of course, all such lists are subject to market dynamics. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM NORTH DLF Ltd Headed by:Â  Dr Kushal Pal Singh, Chairman About:Â  With a track record of 64 years, DLF is India’s largest real estate company in terms of revenues, earnings, market capitalization and developable area. It currently has pan India presence across 30 cities with approximately 238 million sq ft of completed development and 413 million sq ft of planned projects, of which 56 million sq ft of projects are under construction during FY10. Project Spectrum: Residential, townships, commercial complexes, IT Parks, hotels, multiplexes, etc. Quick fact:Â  Only listed real estate Company included in the BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty, MSCI India Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Asia Index. Latest: Will take its luxury mall DLF Emporio (already operational in New Delhi) to other big cities such as Hyderabad and Chennai. OMAXE LTD Headed by:Â  Rohtas Goel, CMD About:Â  Over the past 22 years, Omaxe has established itself through diverse range of residential and commercial projects. The company at present has 53 projects under execution and planning. Omaxe Ltd was the first Construction Company of northern India to receive an ISO 9001:2000 Certification. Project Spectrum: Integrated townships, Group housing, SEZs, Shopping malls commercial complexes and hotels. Latest: Has entered into infrastructure sector through Omaxe Infrastructure Construction Ltd (OICL), a wholly owned subsidiary. OICL has bagged the first contract to construct Highway and three high level bridges in Punjab. The contract is awarded by Greater Mohali Area Development Authority and its value is pegged at Rs704 million. UNITECH Headed by:Â  Ramesh Chandra, Executive Chairman About:Â  Established in 1972, Unitech is today India’s leading real estate developer in India. It is the first developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 in North India. Project Spectrum: Unitech offers diversified projects across residential, commercial/IT parks, retail, hotels, amusement parks and SEZs segments. Unitech was the first real estate company to be part of the National Stock Exchange’s NIFTY 50 Index. The company has over 600,000 shareholders. Unitech and Norway based Telenor Group came together to build Uninor – a telecommunication services company providing GSM services across India. Latest: Has ventured into the infrastructure business by launching Unitech Infra. ANSAL API Headed by:Â  Sushil Ansal, Chairman About:Â  Established in 1967 as a family business, Ansal API today is clearly amongst the real estate leaders of India. Having established itself very strongly in the NCR region, Ansal API is now focusing on ventures in cities like Bhatinda, Mohali, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad, Meerut, Agra, Lucknow, to name a few. Ansal API has till date, developed and delivered more than 190 million sq ft. The company currently has a land reserve of about 9,335 acres. Project Spectrum: Integrated Townships, Condominiums, Group Housing, Malls, Shopping Complex, Hotels, SEZs, IT Parks and Infrastructure and Utility Services Latest: Raised Rs231. 4 crore through private placement of shares with institutional investors for reducing its debt and execute ongoing projects. PARSVNATH DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:Â  Pradeep Jain, Chairman About:Â  Incorporated in July 1990 by Mr Jain in New Delhi, Parsvnath today has a substantial pan India presence in over 45 cities across 16 states. The company has emerged as one of the most progressive and multi-faceted real estate and construction entities in India. Project spectrum: Housing (premium, mid-market as well as affordable), office complexes, shopping malls hypermarkets, hotels, multiplexes, IT Parks and SEZs. Quick fact: First real estate company to have integrated with ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Latest update: Has partnered with Red Fort Capital to execute a Concession Agreement with DMRC for development of a prime Grade A office project in New Delhi’s Connaught Place. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM WEST GODREJ PROPERTIES LTD Headed by:Â  Milind Korde, MD About:Â  Established in 1990, Godrej Properties Ltd (GPL) brings the Godrej Group philosophy of innovation and excellence to the real estate industry. GPL aspires to be among India’s top three real estate companies while continuing to be the most trusted name in the industry. GPL has completed several landmark projects and is currently developing significant projects in 11 cities across India. Godrej Properties Ltd is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and The National Stock Exchange (NSE). Latest: Sold over 200 apartments within 2 days of launch of its project Godrej Frontier in Gurgaon. This is the company’s first residential project in northern India. K RAHEJA CORP Headed by:Â  Chandru L Raheja, Chairman About:Â  Incorporated in 1956, this Mumbai based real estate giant has been engaged in real estate development for more than four decades. K Raheja Corp has built residences, commercial buildings and hotels throughout India. The Group also diversified in the hospitality sector in 1981and in the retail sector in 1991. The company has several landmark projects to its credits across cities. Quick fact: K Raheja Corp has given a firm commitment to have all of its future projects undertaken anywhere in India to be Leed Certified Green Building Projects. OBEROI REALTY LTD Headed by:Â  Vikas Oberoi, CMD About:Â  Founded in 1998, the company was recently in limelight for its IPO. The Company’s consolidated total income and consolidated net profit after tax and prior period items as restated were Rs8,054. 95 million and Rs4,576. 20 million for the year ended March 31, 2010 and Rs 1658. You read "Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector" in category "Essay examples" 27 million and Rs797. 96 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The company has presence in Mumbai and Pune. Project Spectrum: Oberoi Realty focuses on premium, single space and mixed used development across residential, office space, retail, hospitality and social infrastructure segments. KALPATARU GROUP Headed by:Â  Mofatraj P Munot, Promoter About:Â  Established in 1969, Kalpataru is one of the leading real estate development groups in India. The Group has been active primarily in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) Pune. It is also undertaking projects in other key cities such as Hyderabad, Surat, Nagpur, Jaipur and Udaipur. The Kalpataru Group has interests in real estate development, property and project management, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracting for power transmission and infrastructure projects including road projects, warehousing and logistics. Project Spectrum: The focus has been on the development of premium residential, commercial, retail, integrated townships, lifestyle gated communities and redevelopment projects. DB REALTY Headed by:Â  Vinod Goenka and Shahid Balwa About:Â  It is one of India’s fastest growing real estate companies headquartered in Mumbai. The Company currently has more than 30 ultra premium projects under various stages of planning and also completion in both Mumbai and Pune. It has 20. 5 million sq ft of saleable area of ongoing projects with a projected area of 40. 5 million sq ft in forthcoming and upcoming projects. DB Realty is publicly listed company both on BSE and NSE with a market capitalisation of more than Rs10000 crore. Latest: Few months ago, it bagged the right to redevelop a large chunk of the 100-acre PWD government colony in Mumbai’s Bandra suburb. This will be one of the biggest redevelopment projects in the city. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM SOUTH SOBHA DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:Â  PNC Menon, Chairman About:Â  The Company was founded in 1995 by PNC Menon after he returned home from the Middle East where he was acclaimed for quality interiors and construction since 1977. Today, this Rs10 billion plus company is one of the largest and only backward integrated company in the construction arena. Its IPO in 2006 was oversubscribed by 126 times that created history, being the first event of its kind in Indian capital markets. Till date, Sobha has completed 47 residential projects, 13 commercial projects and 166 contractual projects covering about 36 million sq ft area in 18 cities across India (as of 31 March 2010). The company currently has 21 ongoing residential projects aggregating to 8. 5 million sq ft, while 4. 4 million sq ft of contractual projects are under various stages of construction. BRIGADE GROUP Headed by:Â  MR Jaishankar, CMD About:Â  Established in 1986, Brigade is one of South India’s leading property developers. It is headquartered in Bangalore with projects extending across several major cities in South India like Chennai, Chikmagalur, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mangalore and Mysore. Project Spectrum: Brigade has a multi-domain portfol io that covers property development, property management services, hospitality and education. Latest: Brigade recently obtained the license from the World Trade Centers Association to classify and manage its one million sq ft office tower in its mixed use project Brigade Gateway as ‘World Trade Centre Bangalore. PURAVANKARA GROUP Headed by:Â  Ravi Puravankara, Founder and CMD About:Â  Established in 1975, the Group has grown to be one of the leading real estate developers of the country, primarily in the premium housing segment. It has projects across cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Kochi, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mysore, Kolkata and Colombo. The Group also has a presence in Dubai, UAE. With a land bank of over 125 million sq ft, the Group has above 20 million sq ft of residential and commercial space currently under construction. Latest: Recently launched Purva Venezia that recreates the beauty of Venice at Yelhanka in Bangalore. NITESH ESTATES Headed by:Â  Nitesh Shetty, MD About:Â  Founded in 2004, Nitesh Estates is an integrated property development company headquartered in Bangalore. Project Spectrum: In just six years, the Company has brought more than nine million sq ft of space under development across housing, hotels, office buildings and shopping malls. The company is growing even faster with plans to expand its operations in other cities like Goa, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi. Nitesh Estates has to its credit a series of firsts: the first to win India’s largest corporate housing project (ITC Limited), one among the first few to attract FDI in real estate (Och Ziff and Citigroup) and has the distinction of bringing to India it’s very first Ritz Carlton. It has 27 ongoing and forthcoming projects in and around Bangalore and Goa. It has land bank of 19 million sq ft, which will be developed in the next 4-5 years. PRESTIGE ESTATES PROJECTS LTD Headed by:Â  Irfan Razack, CMD About:Â  Founded in 1986, Prestige has completed more than 142 projects and has 59 ongoing projects. The company has presence in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mysore as well as Goa. Project Spectrum: Develops projects across segments like residential, commercial, integrated township, retail, leisure hospitality and mixed-use. Latest: Prestige raised Rs12 billion rupees through its IPO recently. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM EAST AMBUJA REALTY Headed by:Â  Harshavardhan Neotia, CMD About:Â  Ambuja Realty has been providing housing in West Bengal, in a pioneering joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board for the past 15 years under the name Bengal Ambuja. The first real estate company in Eastern India to get ISO: 9002 Certification, in 1999, Bengal Ambuja has also earned them the highest developer rating in India – DRI from ICRA, in 2003. Project Spectrum: The Group has a diversified presence across segments like residential, retail, commercial and hospitality. The company is also planning an aggressive pan-India growth strategy to deliver an unprecedented number of high-quality projects. Currently, it is building more malls, hospitals, IT Parks, luxury resorts, business hotels and are even aspiring to build a University. Latest: To invest around Rs500 crore in developing three shopping malls under the ‘City Centre’ brand in Raipur, Haldia and Patna. MERLIN GROUP Headed by:Â  Sushil Mohta, MD About:Â  Merlin Group is a recognized name in the realty business of India’s eastern parts. The Group has grown over past three decades with over 50 residential and commercial complexes as well as several standalone projects. Project Spectrum: Merlin Group has innovated with various formats and core projects including premium housing, essential housing, country homes and bungalows, specialty malls, office towers, IT buildings, hotels new generation clubs, and resorts, serviced apartment’s stadium and townships. It also has presence in other parts of India with its various residential and commercial projects at Chennai, Chhattisgarh and Ahmedabad. PS GROUP Founded by:Â  Pradip Kumar Chopra Surendra Kumar Dugar About:Â  Today, the original pair of founders has grown into a group of seven players, with the second generation joining the business in right earnest. Project Spectrum: PS Group is involved in the development of premium residential complexes, integrated townships, commercial buildings, hotels, IT parks and a wide range of shopping malls. The company already has completed 100 projects with Trinity Plush and intends to complete another 50 projects in the next two years. HILAND GROUP Headed by:Â  Nayan Basu, CEO Credited with more than 50 multi-storeyed landmark developments adorning the skyline of Kolkata, the Hiland Group has today emerged as one of the most prominent developers in Kolkata. Latest: The Group has also entered into a 50:50 joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board to form Bengal United Credit Belani Housing Ltd. Hiland Woods is the key project of this joint venture. It is a residential development catering to a mix of demographic profiles across LIG, MIG and HIG. BELANI GROUP Headed by:Â  Nandu Belani About:Â  The Company commenced operations in Kolkata in 1967 and has pioneered the business of building, promoting and developing high-rise apartments and commercial buildings in the city over the last four decades. Some of the key rojects done by this Group are Metro Towers, IDBI Building, British Deputy High Commission, Belmont Apartments, East End Gardens, Neelkamal , Shakespeare Court, Greenwoods and Palacio. The Group has presence across segments like integrated townships, residential, commercial, retail and hospitality. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES TO WATCH OUT FOR We wind up our feature with five names to watch out for. TATA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT COMP ANY Headed by:Â  Brotin Banerjee, MD CEO About:Â  Tata Housing is a closely held Public Limited Company and a subsidiary of Tata Sons Ltd. Since it’s revival in 2006, Tata Housing has been focused on developing and transforming real estate development in India. With the primary business being the development of properties in residential, commercial and retail sectors, the company’s operations span across various aspects of real estate development. With existing presence in Mumbai, Goa, Chandigarh, Bengaluru, Gurgaon, Pune, Lonavala, Talegaon and Kolkatta, the Company is in the process of expanding its projects to other parts of India across tier I and II cities. Latest: Has announced aggressive growth plans to invest over Rs2500 crore in the affordable and value homes segment by 2011. SUNIL MANTRI REALTY LTD Headed by:Â  Sunil Mantri About:Â  With substantial presence across residential, retail, commercial, office, IT parks and SEZ development, this Company is poised on the cusp of rapid growth and expansion into newer territories. The company is now poised to diversify into hospitality and financial services sector in a significant way. With 300% growth recorded in the past three years, the company is one of the fastest-growing real estate companies in India. From a presence in 2 cities, it has grown miraculously to 14 cities in India and is venturing into Malaysia to build an ICT centre in Johor. LODHA DEVELOPERS Headed by:Â  Abhisheck Lodha, MD About:Â  Founded in 1980, Lodha Developers are primarily Mumbai based with some presence in Pune and Hyderabad. Lodha Developers provides comprehensive residential and office space solutions across real estate categories and diverse consumer segments – from luxury garden residences in South Mumbai to large integrated townships in the suburbs, from thoughtfully designed office environments to private villa retreats. The group has extended this philosophy to office spaces as well, where it was one of the first in India to introduce the concept of branded office spaces. Latest: Announcement of World One, a landmark development on a 17 acre site, slated to be the tallest residential development in the world. AKSHAYA PRIVATE LTD Headed by:Â  T Chitty Babu, Chairman CEO About:Â  Headquartered in Chennai, Akshaya has successfully completed over 148 landmark projects in a short period of 15 years. Akshaya is one of the few CRISIL rated organizations in Chennai’s real estate space. Akshaya’s excellence in its endeavours has also resulted in the Integrated ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 Management System. The Integrated Management System Certification, incidentally, has been conferred on only 11 companies in India. Akshaya also achieved the feat of being one of the two companies in our country to win the SA 8000:2008 Certification (the global social accountability standard for creating employee-friendly workplace). Akshaya is now foraying into commercial and IT space while envisioning state-of-the-art shopping malls and diversified operations in other parts of South India. Latest: Recently launched its luxury project, 36-Carat, which became the only project in Chennai to get the coveted ‘Chennai-5 Star’ rating. THE 3C COMPANY Headed by:Â  Three directors including renowned architect Vidur Bharadwaj About:Â  Founded in: 2007, The 3C Company has presence in the Delhi NCR. The Company stands apart due to focus on designing and developing green projects with on schedule delivery. Its USP of developing environment friendly designs has helped it carve a niche in the real estate segment. The Company is currently developing projects worth over Rs15000 crore. Project Spectrum: The 3C Company has presence across segments such as residential, commercial, IT Parks and SEZs. Latest: After the success of three green projects, it announced the launch of another green residential project called Lotus Zing. It has tied up with Kotak Real Estate Fund for this project, which has a total capital outlay of Rs850 crore. How to cite Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector, Essay examples

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Change Management in Dynamic Health Care System Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Change Management in Dynamic Health Care System. Answer: Introduction The health care management is concerned with the necessary changes in the internal settings. It is noted that the changes in the health care centre often include several complex situations. It is not easy to facilitate any changes without managing the internal associates. Hence, while undertaking any change management, it is required to pay the attention towards proper planning, evaluating, and implementation of the operations (Grol et al. 2013). The study will be discussing the change management process undertaken by the authority of Canberra hospital in Australia. The change management theory will be applied to the discussion in order to understand the requirement of changes. Accordingly, the study will be focusing on the major concerns associated with the change management process. Background of the Health Care Centre Canberra Hospital in Australia is renowned for an acute care teaching hospital that includes almost 600 beds and a referral centre for specialist services. This community-based hospital is considered as the largest public care hospital in the region. Canberra Hospital is registered under World Health Organisation and accredited by the Australian Council in Healthcare Standards (Health.act.gov.au, 2016). In this current scenario, it has been seen that the hospital has been facing the trouble with their poor data management system. It has been noticed that the records of thousands of patients have been compromised due to such poor data management process (Canberratimes.com.au, 2016). Hence, the authority needs to pay attention in fixing up such issues by undertaking the proper change management procedures. Dr. Cooper has provided the evidence to the Assemblys Public Accounts committee regarding the recognisable record manipulation in the hospital. Therefore, the changes in the organisa tional management have become essential to secure the reputation of Canberra Hospital. The study will be concentrating on such issues associated with the internal management of Canberra Hospital and will be recognising the proper changes that are needed to be undertaken accordingly. Key factors for change The organisational changes are needed to be undertaken in order to manage the situational incidents. In case of Canberra hospital the change management process is undertaken to improve the data management system that records the entire information of the organisation. However, there are two major factors responsible for driving the changes within the internal organisation scenario. These are as follows: The first and foremost factor for ensuring changes is the improvisation of the patients record management system. The hospital authority needs to keep the entire records of the patients that are necessary for the emergency purposes (Haas et al. 2013). Another factor for undertaking the change in such regards is to secure the hospital management from privacy breaching allegations. The lack of proper controls on the data management system in the Emergency Department is hampering the privacy of the information. In fact, the executive even admitted their inability to manage the records of the patients. In order to free the hospital from privacy breaching allegations, the change in the data management procedure is necessary (Richards, 2014). Affected Privacy Policy The privacy law in the health care centre is associated with the regulation that determines the protection of the private information of an individual (Herring, 2014). Such information is needed to be stored in the private data management system of a health care centre. During some of the emergency scenario, the information can be extracted accordingly. However, Canberra Hospital is firmly alleged due to the poor data management system. The hospital executive even admitted the mess occurred due to the mismanagement of the private data. Hence, this declaration has created the significant impact on the privacy law in a health care setting. The policy and regulations associated with the privacy concerns are thus hampered accordingly. Theory applied for implementing the changes The change management process is linked with the theoretical perspectives, which considers the sequential process of implementing the changes. In such regards, the management of Canberra Hospital has applied Lewins Change Management Model. The founder, Kurt Lewin has described the three sequential steps to implement the changes. These steps are as follows. Unfreeze Stage: This particular stage is considered as the most important stage of change management model. The stage recognises the reason behind the changes that is needed to be undertaken (Hayes, 2014). For example, it has been seen that the management of Canberra Hospital is firmly alleged against the breaching of privacy laws. The poor data management system is the major reason behind such allegations. The authority has discovered such requirements and implemented the process of improvising the data management system. Such recognition falls under the unfreeze stage of the change management model. Figure 1: Kurt Lewins Change Management Model (Source: Shaw, 2015, p.5) Change: Kurt Lewin has pointed out that ensuring change is not any event; rather it determines the sequential process. However, the second stage of change management model ensures the transition period. The management will be undertaking the changes by identifying the requirements. It is important to note that during such period, it becomes difficult to the authority to manage the people associated with such change (Shaw, 2015). For instance, the management needs to improvise the data storage for keeping the records safe. The use of the highly advanced technologies is required. It is not an easy process to manage the associated employees who are not aware of the process of using such technologies. In such cases, the good leadership is necessary. The proper training and development session provided to the associates will be helpful enough to facilitate such changes. Freezing Stage: The freezing stage is concerning the maintenance of the stability after the change is implemented. When the management of Canberra Hospital is improvising the data management system, it is required to pay the attentions on the consistency. It will be helpful enough in preventing the situation from occurring in the future. Concentrating on such theoretical perspectives, the sequential change can be implemented. Conclusion The study is recognising the reasons for implementing the changes in a health care management scenario. Canberra Hospital is alleged due to the poor data management system, which drives against the privacy breaching laws. Kurt Lewins Change Management Model has been applied to facilitate such changes in the internal organisational scenario. Following such sequential stages, the management of Canberra Hospital will be able to secure the organisational reputation in a significant manner. References Canberratimes.com.au, (2016). Data doctoring sparks hospital records privacy concerns. [online] Canberra Times. Available at: https://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/data-doctoring-sparks-hospital-records-privacy-concerns-20120719-22bst.html#ixzz217HtWRP4 [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., Davis, D. (2013).Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons. Haas, L., Maryniuk, M., Beck, J., Cox, C. E., Duker, P., Edwards, L., ... McLaughlin, S. (2013). National standards for diabetes self-management education and support.Diabetes care,36(Supplement 1), S100-S108. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Health.act.gov.au, (2016). About Canberra Hospital | ACT Health. [online] Health.act.gov.au. Available at: https://www.health.act.gov.au/our-services/canberra-hospital-campus/about-canberra-hospital [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Herring, J. (2014).Medical law and ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Richards, N. M. (2014). Why data privacy law is (mostly) constitutional.Wm. Mary L. Rev.,56, 1501. Shaw, G., (2015). 4 change management models for your small business. National Leasing, pp.3-8.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Managing People and Organization Management

Question: Discuss about the Managing People and Organization Management. Answer: Introduction: The main focus of the restaurant business is to provide good quality of food and service to the customers. The good food and good hospitality provided by the restaurant will attract more customers. The majority of the employees in the restaurant are in the kitchen or works as workers. There would be two teams in the restaurant. The teams are marketing team and planning teams. The marketing team will focus on the marketing strategies that could attract new customers. The target customers of the restaurant are the students, young adults and teenagers. The marketing team needs to make advertisement according to the criteria of the target customers. The other team is the planning team. The planning team needs to make plans for achieving maximum profit. The planning team needs to focus on the quality of foods the restaurant is preparing. The planning team also needs to make new plans of the business like providing of free home delivery of items and others for increasing sales (Finch 2013) . The managers of the company will be playing the role of the motivators. The managers need to look after the problems of the workers. The managers also need to discuss the strategies adopted by the restaurants and the growth and prosperity of the restaurant with the workers. This will motivate the workers. The motivation in one way increases the job satisfaction and better job satisfaction implies more productivity (Din and Cohen 2016). The communication should be well maintained among the staffs. The managers of the restaurant need to communicate in a well mannered way with the workers. This will maintain a good discipline in the work place. The decision taken by the workers should be explained to the workers in a proper way (Weinzimmer and Nystrom 2015). Controlling: The costs incurred in the restaurants are mainly costs to buy the assets such as property, furniture, salary that needs to be paid to the employees and the cost of the inventories that are needed to be accumulated. All these costs have a ceiling beyond which the restaurant cannot spend in this sector. Therefore, the restaurant needs to maintain a proper scheduling duty for the workers. The holidays and leaves of the employers should be handled properly so that adequate workers should be present regularly. The restaurant also needs to employ fresher as well as experienced staffs in a proper ratio for proper running of the restaurant. The quality should be maintained in the food. The restaurant also needs to provide proper kind of services to the customers. The feedback of the customer is one of the major factors in controlling the business. The customers are one of the major stakeholders in the business. The restaurant can introduce a feedback from which could be given to the customer s with the bills. The responses of the customers will help in improving various services of the customers (Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright 2013). References: Blackburn, R.A., Hart, M. and Wainwright, T., 2013. Small business performance: business, strategy and owner-manager characteristics.Journal of small business and enterprise development,20(1), pp.8-27. Din, G.Y. and Cohen, E., 2016. Modeling Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa: Case Study of Matadi, the Democratic Republic of Congo.Solid Waste Management: Policy and Planning for a Sustainable Society, p.81. Finch, B., 2013.How to write a business plan(Vol. 35). Kogan Page Publishers. Weinzimmer, L.G. and Nystrom, P.C., 2015. The search for opportunities by small business owners.Journal of Small Business Strategy,7(3), pp.1-14.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Sports Injury Essay Example For Students

Sports Injury Essay Alcohol use and behaviors in women long-distance race participants reporting a history of bulimia and/ or anorexia nervosawomen long-distance racers were more likely to report a past history of an eating disorder than the control population and that reported in the general population. We cannot say that running was responsible for the development of the eating disorder. It may be that running can prevent or control eating disorders. High achieving, disciplined, organized women with a history of an eating disorder may be attracted to long-distance running. The method of defining a case was based simply on the respondent replying affirmatively to the questions Do you have a history or bulimia/ and/or Do you have a history of anorexia nervosa? This method of case definition is based on a history of such a disorder and does not necessarily reflect an active problem. We will write a custom essay on Sports Injury specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Researchers found that women reporting a past history of bulimia and a history of problem alcohol behavior as noted by other investigators and were more likely to report a biologic family member with a history of problem drinking. Even with their history of problem alcohol behavior, the runners reporting a history of bulimia did not differ from other runners or the control population in their drinking patterns in a recent two-week period. Total amount of alcohol consumed, occasions of drinking and occasions of binge drinking were not significantly different among any of the women. Researchers were unable to ascertain if running helped control alcohol consumption in a person prone to problem alcohol consumption in a person prone to problem alcohol behavior or if the decreased alcohol consumption predated the onset of running. Those women reporting a past history of a mixed type of eating disorder, perhaps reflecting severity, ran more days of the week and more miles per week than other runners. These women also had the lowest weight and desired weight of any group. The drive for thinness is a hallmark of anorexia but anorexics with bulimia generally are more prone to use vomiting and/or laxatives for weight control than intense exercise or severe food restriction. This subtype of anorexia is also more likely to be prone of problems with alcohol. This was not true for the women in this study. A limitation of the study is the small numbers in the eating disorder groups. With a larger series of cases, the small differences in alcohol consumption could be significant. However, the amount of alcohol consumed by any group is not extraordinary and reflects moderate drinking. Other limitations of this study include non-responders, time of administration of the questionnaire to race participants and inherent problems of using questionnaires and self-report items in eating disorder and alcohol research. Denial is common among those with drinking problems and may be reflected in those who chose not to respond. However, the response rates of 59% for race participants and 52% for the control population should ensure that responders were a reasonable representation of the population. The size of the control population was also smaller than anticipated due to nearly half of them reporting some form of endurance exercise and thus being eliminated as a contrast group.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Touch Football Analysis Essay Essay Example

Touch Football Analysis Essay Essay Touch football involves the usage of all three energy systems which are the ATP-CP system. Lactic Acid system and the Aerobic system. ATP shops are to the full replenished after 2-3 proceedingss or 50 % can be replenished after 30 seconds. The ATP-CP system is anaerobiotic which means there is no O nowadays and is a consequence of the dislocation of creatine phosphate. It is preponderantly used in activities which are high strength and last for up to 10 seconds. There are no fatiguing by merchandises nevertheless ATP production is really limited. The lactic acid system is besides anaerobiotic nevertheless it lasts for around 90 seconds. It is the consequence of glucose being converted into lactic acid. Lactic acid is a fatiguing by merchandise that builds up in the organic structure after vigorous exercising and which force an jock to decelerate or halt their activity. The concluding energy system is the aerophilic system. This is the production of energy from the dislocation of saccharides and fats utilizing O. This system is used for low strength activities of a long continuance. The bi-products of this system are H2O. C dioxide and heat nevertheless they are non tiring which is why the aerobic system is efficient for long continuance and endurance events. We will write a custom essay sample on Touch Football Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Touch Football Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Touch Football Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A game of touch requires the usage and interplay of all three energy systems ; ATP-CP. Lactic Acid and Aerobic systems. The organic structure at the same time uses an energy system as there are many accomplishments in touch that are of different strengths and continuance. For approximately the first 2 proceedingss of the game. the strength is submaximal as participant 1 is acquiring into place. It can be seen on the bosom rate proctor graph that there is a little addition in bosom rate bespeaking a little addition of strength from walking to a visible radiation jog which can be shown in the tabular array. The organic structure is able work aerobically at this point as there is sufficient O to run into the demands of the activity. The bosom rate proctor shows at point A that there is a steep slope of participant 1’s bosom rate. This was caused by a series of contrivances. dashs and side which increased the bosom rate at 3 proceedingss into the game. As these activities are of a higher strength and in such a short infinite of clip. it creates an O shortage. Because of this O shortage. the organic structure has to now use the ATP-CP system. However. the ATP-CP system is merely fleeting. enduring for 10 seconds. and therefore its shop becomes largely used up. The lactic acid system so becomes the more dependent energy system. 5 proceedingss into the game the bosom rate graph shows a little tableland which indicates that participant 1 was working at maximum strength. It is merely possible to work near to this threshold for a limited clip therefore strength must drop doing the bosom rate to take down. Player 1 was involved in a series of dashs. contrivances and side stepping every bit good as playing the ball and passing. These are all high strength activities which have caused the addition of bosom rate on the graph. After the first 5 proceedingss of the game. participant 1 is substituted away. At this point. Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption ( EPOC ) takes topographic point. EPOC allows the aerophilic system to refill ATP-CP shops and resynthesises lactic acid. The first phase of EPOC is called alactacid and restores ATP-CP. This procedure happens rapidly in merely 30 seconds and is of import as the ATP-CP system is really of import in a game of touch. After being substituted back on. participant 1 will hold had full shops of ATP-CP. The same can be said for points C and D nevertheless at point D. exercice has ceased and a full EPOC can take topographic point. The first phase of EPOC is the alactacid constituent which involves the Restoration of ATP and CP shops and O. This procedure takes 2-3 proceedingss. The 2nd portion is the Lactacid constituent and involves the remotion of lactic acid and refilling of animal starch. Full recovery may take up to 90 proceedingss. A warm down should hold been done by the jock to rush up the remotion of lactic acid every bit good as forestalling blood pooling. leting skeletal musculuss to oxidize and to maintain blood circulation elevated. 4: There are legion tactics used in touch football to out play the other squad which can be done by using each of the three energy systems. . Many of these tactics involve utilizing the cognition of the energy systems to an advantage. One maneuver used by many squads is to run at the same guardian invariably while assailing so that. that participant will go exhausted and as a consequence. will non be able to run as fast or acquire back into place in clip. This will open up spreads in the other team’s defense mechanism line and will make an country for a squad mate to run through. By pin indicating one participant they will hold to run backwards for a few dramas which will last for over 10 seconds and as a consequence the participant will hold depleted their ATP-CP system. This doesn’t let the guardian to refill ATP-CP shops before each touch. coercing them to preponderantly utilize their lactic system to synthesize energy. The Lactic acid system produces the tiring byproduct lactic acid which causes the participant to pall. As a consequence the guardian will non be able to react as rapidly and make a spread in the defensive line that the herd can run through. After executing a maximum attempt as a herd. participant 1 should be shifted to the flying where less intense and frequent activity occurs. This is where positioning becomes a great tactic and will let for the aerophilic system to be predominately used to reconstruct ATP-CP every bit good as resynthesise lactic acid. Following this. participant one should be substituted off to let ATP-CP shops to refill 50 % . Another great maneuver is to utilize the replacements sagely. When doing a replacement it is smarter to do the alteration when your squad is assailing to avoid any defensive spreads for the other squad to run through. While in an assaultive drama. the participants that are fatigued should float closer to the bench so that speedy permutations can be made. A tactic would affect altering 3-4 participants at one clip to hold a rested squad on the field and to besides confound the oppositions as to who they are supporting. The participants that have merely been rested should hold a full ATP-CP system which is good to rule the drama. 5: Touch involves the combination of many fitness constituents. nevertheless. it is clear from set abouting a game’s analysis that some have more of an impact on the game than others. Agility is defined as the ability to alter way rapidly and accurately while keeping balance which is decidedly a chief facet of the athletics. A GPS tracker was placed on a pupil to map his running during a touch game and the consequences show many crisp bends and running that isn’t in a consecutive line. It is clear from the map of the tracking device that legion crisp alterations of waies were required during the game. There were a sum of 10 contrivances. 12 dashs and 16 occasions where participant 1 had to side measure. All of these accomplishments required some signifier of sudden alteration of way. It is an indispensable portion of touch to be able to forge one way. doing your opposition to switch their Centre of gravitation. and so rapidly alter way into a spread. Besides. dodging and weaving in between participants is necessary. Speed is defined as how rapidly a organic structure portion can be put into gesture or the velocity of contraction. This is necessary in touch football as a batch of fast motions and sprinting is required to maintain up with drama. to run past oppositions or gimmick oppositions. The game is played at a fast gait to seek and catch the guardians out of place or off guard and to do it easier to acquire past them. Cardio-respiratory endurance is a cardinal constituent to the game of Touch as it is the capacity of your bosom. blood vass and lungs to work expeditiously to present O during uninterrupted activity. Age. genetic sciences. and physical conditioning all play a function in an individual’s cardiorespiratory endurance. With an enhanced ability to take in O and present it to working musculuss. the musculuss are able to go on activity longer without weariness. 6: Cardio-respiratory endurance is of import in many athleticss and is something that many jocks should better. Two developing methods that could be used to better this are Fartlek and Interval preparation. Both manners of preparation are utile and specific to many squad athleticss including touch football as they are similar to the type of work done in a game. Interval developing involves jumping periods of activity with periods of remainder and can be categorised by short. intermediate or long interval preparation. Short interval preparation develops power. intermediate develops lactic acerb tolerance and long develops aerophilic power. To aim the ATP-CP system the work to rest ratio should be 1:3/1:25. to aim the Lactic acid system it should be 1:2/1:3 and for the aerophilic system it should be 1:1. Fartlek preparation is considered to be a mixture of interval and uninterrupted preparation. This is achieved by making a uninterrupted activity and integrating random explosions of velocity or addition of strength. Both types of preparation should integrate the preparation rules which include progressive overload. fluctuation. specificity. individualism. recovery. decreasing returns. frequence. continuance. strength and reversibility. Progressive overload is the construct of gradual increasing the demand to do betterments. If the preparation burden remained unchanged. no farther betterments in fittingness would happen. This can be applied to fartlek preparation and interval preparation by increasing the figure of times an activity is done or at what strength it is done. For illustration if the fartlek preparation was to ramble on for one minute and dash for 5 seconds. the spring can be increased to 10 seconds. In interval developing the repeats could be increased. Variation should be included into both developing methods to non merely do betterments in fittingness. but to besides to guarantee the jock remains psychologically focused and motivated. To guarantee maximum betterment is achieved by the person. all rules should be considered when making a preparation plan.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

personal statement for the msc in applied microbiology and biotechnology Essay Example

personal statement for the msc in applied microbiology and biotechnology Essay Personal Statement for the MSc in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology and Biotechnology is one of the most quickly turning Fieldss within applied scientific disciplines, holding applications from the diagnosing and intervention of medical conditions, through to the sweetening of nutrient production. Due to the possible impact on human life, the importance of biotechnology is presently really high in both the populace and scientific docket. The chief focal point of the class will be on Bioprocess Design, Bioprocess Technology, Biotechnology Business and Industrial Microbiology which is designed to run into industry s turning demand for forces with expertness in applied microbiology and biotechnology. Molecular biological science, ( molecular ) genetic sciences and bioinformatics form the backbone of Biotechnology, and different facets of these characteristic in a figure of faculties in the class. A thorough apprehension of the nexus between DNA, RNA and protein is polar. You will analyze cistron look and protein production and purification, and applications thereof in different biotechnological Fieldss. In add-on to developing subject-based expertness and accomplishments, you will see the many planetary issues associated with recent biotechnological progresss. We will write a custom essay sample on personal statement for the msc in applied microbiology and biotechnology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on personal statement for the msc in applied microbiology and biotechnology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on personal statement for the msc in applied microbiology and biotechnology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This class will give me the entree to a field of survey which will hold a major impact in the hereafter of scientific discipline. The MSc Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology class in University of Westminster is specifically designed to spread out our cognition and penetration in the scientific discipline underpinning biotechnological rules. In add-on, it will assist me to use those cognition and accomplishments in turn toing specific biotechnological jobs in the Fieldss of animate being, works and microbic biotechnology. The class besides will heighten my calling chances in the biotechnological industries, enabling me to take full advantage of chances that will result from the enlargement of this country and/or fix me for farther academic research. Why Microbiology Experts believe that one million people now suffer from food-borne unwellness in England and Wales entirely. Worldwide, every minute six kids die from the ingestion of nutrient and H2O contaminated with micro-organisms. Research into the bacteriums and viruses that are responsible for food-borne unwellness is progressing quickly, bettering our apprehension of the interaction of these bacteriums with adult male, the environment, agribusiness and nutrient. As a effect, there is now an pressing demand for well-qualified alumnuss who can construe these new progresss and use their cognition in callings within the nutrient industry, DEFRA and the Food Standards Agency, every bit good as in Local Government and infirmary research labs. A survey of micro-organisms ( bacteriums, Fungis, viruses, algae and Protozoa ) provides of import penetrations into many of the cardinal jobs in biological science. Because of their easiness of use and rapid growing, such beings are often used as experimental systems for research in biochemistry and molecular biological science. Recent public concerns about microbic taint of nutrient and industry s turning involvement in biotechnology have increased the demand for graduate microbiologists. The class at University of Westminster purposes to supply you with the chance to derive a sound preparation in both the theoretical and practical facets of this quickly developing topic. Features of the MSc in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology programme include: a scope of faculty picks to accommodate my capable involvements different combinations of faculties which qualify me for one of the named specializer awards arrangements in research labs and pharmaceutical companies both place and abroad research undertakings utilizing state-of-the-art equipment a Graduate Development Programme which supports key accomplishments and employability throughout the grade Why Biotechnology It is an exciting clip to go involved in the biotechnology revolution. Humanity is faced with many challenges such as feeding spread outing populations, planetary heating and supplying for our energy demands while cut downing our trust on fossil fuels, protecting the environment by forestalling and cleaning up pollution, utilizing the cognition gained from the human genome undertaking and other cutting border research to foster our apprehension of disease and using that cognition to develop fresh interventions and pharmaceuticals, better industrial procedures by technology biological science to make the chemical science. Biotechnology provides a tool box for undertaking these challenges and in the following decennary, as the gait of progresss in biotechnology accelerates, the impact of biotechnology will be even greater, supplying an copiousness of alone chances to do new finds and present inventions bettering the quality of people s lives Biotechnology is one of the fastest turning industries worldwide, with gross from public biotechnology companies exceling US $ 70 billion in 2006. ( Ernst A ; Young, Global Biotechnology Report 2007 ) Over the past 10 old ages, it is estimated that the figure of people employed within the biotechnology industry has grown by over 90 % . It is a dynamic industry that presents first-class chances to progress your calling in a broad scope of functions including academic research, industrial research and development, concern direction and development, gross revenues and selling, fabrication and quality control and confidence. And the combination of Microbiology and Biotechnology The University of Westminster besides provide the great chance to accomplishing the grade of Microbiology and Biotechnology both in a combination. The aim of the Master of Science in this class is to supply future biotechnologists with the accomplishments and competences needed today to plan biotechnological research, implement biotechnological undertakings, and be aftering determination, create and use research modes to larger strategies set in big research undertakings in order to better the wellness position and quality of life in developing states like Bangladesh.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Example

Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Example Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Research work involves roll uping and analysing information and this type of work involves the employment of assorted techniques to carry through and compose a good paper or coming up with the appropriate research consequences ( Black, 1999 ) . Research helps people in general to do enlightening determinations in their assorted capacities or caliber in the society. In doing proper determinations in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life we do this through acquiring information from wirelesss, reading magazines and newspapers, watching telecastings and other beginnings of information that may be availed to us. Research besides helps people to understand what is go oning in the society or what is go oning to a company and whether it affects the populace or non ( Heppner et al, 1999 ) . Further when asking about something, for case a school or a certain university, these activities require some kind of research in one manner or another. Some research workers argue that, by simp ly watching or detecting what is traveling on in the society is in itself research work- a procedure where we collect information or informations so as to move on the same. Research is a signifier of inquiring inquiries in a certain country in order to garner the needed information and information which is subsequently analyzed and eventually one gets consequences which are used to do appropriate decisions and recommendations. This paper will concentrate on research methodological analysiss and statistics and the manner the two are utile in research work. Since research involves assorted methods and attacks it is of import for a research worker to take the most appropriate research methods and statistical trials that will assist him/her in carry throughing what they want. Therefore, this paper will discourse the assorted methods used in informations aggregation and sampling of the same information. In the treatment disadvantages and advantages of these research methods will be discussed. Finally, the paper will analyse two instance surveies that have been put frontward. For one to come up with accurate consequences and do prudent decisions and recommendations it is of import for the research worker to utilize the most appropriate research methodological analysis for the research. For a good research to be accomplished the undermentioned research attacks are used: Correlation survey is used to look into the relation of two different variables and to mensurate their association between each other. When making this survey the individual who is carry oning the survey examines the already bing variables and cheques how they are related to one another. Correlation is done in order to find and do anticipations about certain variables which are based on what is known on the other variables ( Creswell, 1998 ) . It is of import to observe that in a correlativity survey the research worker steps already bing conditions which are known. For case, if we take the correlativity between the educated people and their income we are able to reason that people who are most educated earn better and higher wages. Research workers are able to foretell on variables if there is a correlativity between two variables. This is so because if one is able to cognize the figure of twelvemonth one has been in instruction the research worker is able to foretell the wage or in come. There are two different types of correlativity in the research survey and they are negative and positive correlativities. The ulterior type of correlativity involves increase of both variables, like wise if the variables are diminishing both of them must make the same ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . For case the illustration which was used earlier is a positive type of correlativity because for the income to increase the figure of old ages inn instruction must be increased. In negative correlativity, when the values of one point or variable lessenings the other variable additions. An illustration of negative correlativity is where a pupil spends more clip watching telecasting the classs go down. To add to that, in correlativity survey different types of measuring are used for illustration ordinal graduated table, nominal graduated table and ratio measuring. For case while making a nominal measuring persons use labels. Nominal graduated table offer labels and names for specific features. Advantage Research workers are able to do anticipations on things if their correlativities are known unlike in insouciant comparative survey ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . Disadvantage Correlation is hard to retrieve since cause is non measured. Research workers are non able to cognize what caused the other thing to go on even though they are related ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . Causal-comparative survey This type of research involves the description of already bing scenarios and conditions. In this survey the research worker tries to find the ground or the cause the differences that are in being between two or more different persons or groups ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Such a survey is called a descriptive survey since the events which are involved have already occurred and the survey must be conducted in retrospect. The attack of this survey involves analysing the consequence of the job and so finding the cause of the job or of that consequence. Therefore, the attack of insouciant comparative survey begins with the cause of the consequence and so investigates the effects of that cause on some variables that are involved in the survey. This type of survey is normally used in research establishments for educational intents ( Gay et al, 2008 ) . This type of survey involves comparing of variables instead than indentifying the relationship between the variables as is in the insta nce of correlativity survey therefore doing it more desirable for research. Normally in this type of survey persons are non involved in the allotment of interventions, this is because they are merely involved as a group but non as persons. In this survey merely groups are involved which may be one or more groups but assigned to one independent variable that can non be manipulated but can be improved ( Brown, 1998 ) . The survey ensures that the pick of groups is different from the independent variable which is assigned to the groups therefore doing it non to be manipulated. For case one can non pull strings gender or age of the participants. Advantages The variables in that are involved in the survey can non be manipulated ; hence doing it desirable, this is different from other types of surveies for illustration the colour survey. The survey tries to foreground the cause of the consequence hence doing it easier for the execution squad to work out it more easy ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Disadvantage Compared to other types of surveies e.g. quasi experimental survey, it does non supply an existent or accurate informations to the research worker ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Quasi-experimental survey Quasi experimental design involves some experiments or surveies which are done, where the research worker has no or small control over the distribution or allocation of the interventions and other factors which are being studied. In this manner of survey there are no random assignments being picked ( Lachin, 1988 ) . This type of survey has its alone characteristics since it uses the analysis of clip series: there is interrupted clip series and the uninterrupted clip series. When one is carry oning this type of survey one has indentified or highlighted the variables that are to be used ( Creswell, 2008 ) . In the pick of the variables the quasi variable must be manipulated so s to hold an consequence on the dependant variable which is usually a group variable with degrees that are different. Grouping of variables signifies that there are two or more such groups as intervention and placebo group which is besides known as the control groups ( Harrison, 2004 ) . The ulterior group is ch iefly used in medical state of affairss or psychological experiments and surveies. Once these state of affairss have been identified so the predicted consequence or result becomes the dependent variable. If the research worker is utilizing the clip analysis so the result which is the dependent variable is observed over a certain period in order to look into whether there may be any alterations that may come up. Advantages This type of design is easier and simple to put up. This characteristic makes the quasi experimental survey to be used where randomisation is impractical compared to other types of survey methods which are complicated ( Creswell, 2008 ) . While utilizing this type of survey, menaces are minimized which may happen to external cogency. This is because the experiments are natural and natural conditions do non hold same crisis of artificiality. Disadvantages Since the experiments can be manipulated, these uses can take to serious fortunes ; this is different in insouciant comparative survey where variables are non manipulated ( Creswell, 2008 ) . Quasi experiments have a lack in randomisation which is different from the remainder of the surveies, therefore makes it hard to make away with confusing variables therefore conveying up new jobs such as internal cogency. Experimental survey This is a type of survey where research workers are involved in some kind of hypothesis and viing methods. An experimental survey is done to either bing theories which are to be proved incorrect or right or the usage of hypothesis. This type of survey involves many methods which are used in work outing a certain job. An experimental survey involves two characteristics that are control and natural experiments. In a controlled experiment usually shows the consequence of a certain intervention on a topic and its effects ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Research workers who use this type of survey usually compare the out comes which have been revealed from the experimental sample against a sample which is controlled. On the other manus natural experiments are ever observation surveies where the interventions are randomly assigned to topics. This means that the assignment of intervention to topics has non been randomized and is really non done by experimenters. Advantage Compared to the insouciant comparative survey most of the consequences are accurate ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Disadvantage This type of survey consume allot of clip and resources when compared to other types of survey methods for case the correlativity survey ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Sampling Methods Research workers use different trying methods in order to come up with prudent consequences for their work, these methods are as discussed below. Random trying This is a type of trying where an interviewer does non follow specific regulations or lists on where to take samples or which people to interview. In this method there is no list of people to be sampled or to be interviewed. Furthermore, in random trying each interviewee has equal opportunities to be chosen as compared to the others. For illustration in a school of 100 pupils, one might set all their names in a pail in order to take among them who will travel for a trip. This means that every 1 has a opportunity to be chosen for the same trip. In this instance the interviewer merely takes some instructions or some simple random instructions for case interview merely the families on the right side of the route or sample merely houses on the Lashkar-e-Taiba manus side of the route. Compared to the other trying methods, people can non form themselves in order to pull strings the procedure since the interviews are non done at preset topographic points or times ( Stringer, 1999 ) . Anothe r advantage which is critical is that if the participants are involved the procedure becomes really representative. On the other manus, this procedure has a really large demerit since it can take to biasness e.g. some interviewers could disregard some streets since they are non obligated to affect them. Stratified sampling This method of trying usually subdivides populations into subgroups which are dependent on the feature of each group or bomber group. In order to give each group a proper representation or interviews random sampling is done ( Stringer, 1999 ) . The advantage of utilizing this manner of sampling is that it ensures that certain groups or specific 1s are good represented through the choice of sample members from the strata list. Compared to other trying methods such as random sampling, this method is complex and requires a greater work force and more attempts than the other trying methods such as random trying method ( Troxel, 2002 ) . Bunch trying Cluster method of trying involves the choice of different types of bunch and single members and families are interviewed. If the geographical countries of trying are big the cost of trying becomes large and consumes more clip that being one of the chief disadvantages. Cluster trying involves geographical countries such as markets and small towns, but other groups are besides clustered e.g. micro finance groups ( Hart, 2003 ) . By utilizing this type of trying method research workers are able to choose groups or persons indiscriminately with out a individual list. But this method has its disadvantage since bunchs must be tantamount but in some fortunes the natural 1s are may non. External and Internal cogency of the survey Before specifying the words internal and external cogency, it is of kernel to take note of the word cogency itself. We might fundamentally province that cogency is determined when one chooses the suited sample or pull a valid sample. Proportions are the lone things which can be said to be valid, but step, designs and samples do non hold cogency. It is of import to observe that step enables research workers to hold valid and appropriate decisions and consequences or else we can state that a sample leads to valid illations. External cogency is the truth of the informations and the decisions which are drawn from the information which has been forwarded that represent what is delivered to the remainder of the population. For case if there is prejudice on the teachers-trainee in some manner or the other so the out semen which is received from the samples may non be valid to the larger population. On the other manus internal cogency refers to the truth of the informations and decisions which are drawn from the information or information that represent the world of what happened ( Hart, 2003 ) . Peoples conclude that by utilizing the WWW site is correlated to knowledge, but we can non fundamentally province that cognition is straight relative to the usage of WWW site. The two issues for illustration could be basically caused by the same factors. For case one can reason that wealthier pupils who have the entree of cyberspace services would make good on the nonsubjective scrutinies or trials compared to the ot her pupils. Therefore if one claims that the plans or interventions caused the consequences or results n the surveies, it is of import to see internal cogency of the insouciant claim. Decision In decision, research workers should the most appropriate research methods in order to hold a positive out put or consequence. It is besides of import for research workers to analyze these research methods to understand them more so that they can hold a smooth clip when making their research work. If research work is done providentially research workers are able to work out assorted issues impacting the society and they are besides able to foretell the consequences of some phenomena ( Brewerton A ; Millward, 2001 ) . Finally research is really helpful in educational establishments since pupils are able to turn out their endowments. Statisticss An independent variable usually is the variable which represents the value that is being manipulated or distorted, while a dependent variable is the consequence or result of an independent variable that is being manipulated. Case survey I An independent variable can be defined as the portion of a phenomenon which exists and besides originates inducement from a dependent variable. In general illustrations include age, weight and size. In this instance integrating class is the independent variable because this is the characteristic which is being manipulated while the dependent variable is the attitude of the pupils towards instruction because it is dependent on the class. The dependent variable in this instance is measured by usage of a graduated table which is rated up to 12 while the independent variable has been classified as a individual entity i.e. class ( Maxwell, 2005 ) . In this instance the average standard divergence should be used since there is merely one group described and the type of informations is from Gaussian population. Case survey II Reliable variable can be defined as a variable that gets the inducement and calculated for the consequences it causes on the survey. In this instance public presentation of the pupils will be considered as the dependant variable while money and nutrient is considered as the independent variable. The step of the dependant variable is the figure of pupils who were being evaluated for the trial. Mugwump variables have been classified in footings of groups. The Pearson correlativity trial should be used in this instance since the research worker is measuring two or more variables ( Scarr, 2009 ) . Case survey III Amplitude trial can be considered to be the independent variable in this instance survey. On the other manus accomplishment of the pupils in the introductory mathematics can be considered as the dependant variable. This is because if the pupils pass their trials the instructor will cognize that they have achieved something in introductory mathematics. The independent variable is measured by the tonss the pupils get in the trial while the dependent variable is measured by figure of pupils who achieve the needed tonss. This survey should utilize the average criterion divergence because there is merely one group involved ( Williams, 2001 ) . Decision In drumhead, statistical analysis is really critical in any research work being conducted. This is because with the informations collected being analyzed, research workers are able to come up with proper decisions and recommendations. Therefore, it is of import for all research workers to take the most appropriate statistical trials for each and different instance ( Marshall A ; Rossman, 1999 ) . For illustration in the 3rd instance that was studied earlier it was prudent to take the standard mean divergence since there was merely one group of variable involved.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Drug Profile Paper Essays

Drug Profile Paper Essays Drug Profile Paper Essay Drug Profile Paper Essay Drug Profile Paper Shamrock/JW Chemical Dependency in the Workplace April 20, 2011 Drug Profile Paper This paper will summarize some aspects on the psychology and physiology of cocaine addiction as well as other particular drug substances that causes hallucinations and depression In addition illegal and legal drugs that are widely used by young adults like stimulants, cannabis and narcotics will be discuss as well. No doubt, crack cocaine surfaced to the Los Angeles street in the early 80’s this small but power drug took control of thousands of lives, destroyed multitudes of families and brought back gang related deaths in the thousands. To understand how cocaine drug use became so popular one would have to go back and research the very beginning of how it was used. The American people have always abused some type of substance, from the early beginning drugs were used for medical cures. Colonial residents and their predecessors relied on derivatives of natural substances to cure ailments, increase sexual potency, and relieve pain, and to provide pure old fashioned pleasure (De Quincey). Rumors states that Cocaine was used for medical purposes, and was the main ingredient in Coke Cola products back in the 1800’s. Men, and women both used cocaine, but women used it far, more often than men. These women would snort cocaine for energy. These tough pioneer women had a strong belief that cocaine increased their sex drive, improved coordination and concentration. In addition cocaine was administered by doctors and dentists to patients for pain and used for local anesthesia. Cocaine is an acid hydrochloride, and has three major effects. First effect is the euphoria (a feeling of excitement and joy). Second effect stimulant (a temporary increase in functional activity), and third local anesthesia (induced loss of sensitivity to pain in all or a part of the body for medical reasons). However, the short and long term effect of cocaine use never enters the minds of most people that drug abuse cocaine or any drug legal or illegal. The short term physiological effects of cocaine are increase heart rate, blood pressure, vertigo; dilated pupils, block blood vessel, and paranoia. The long term effects of cocaine are: heart disease, heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, gastrointestinal problems. Other physical symptoms include convulsionsokes, seizures, and ga failure, strokes, seizures, a coma nausea, blurred vision, chest pain, fever, muscle spasms, and coma (NIDA). In addition; irritability, mood swings restlessness, auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and addiction. In the same way crack cocaine affects the brain. The brain release a fluid called dopamine it connects to the nerve cells in the brain and the feeling of euphoria is felt. The brain stores its own dopamine, but crack speeds up the process of the release with a fast flush causing a feeling of great pleasure. Crack cocaine is smoke in a glass pipe the smoke enters the lungs and the travels quickly thru the body, and rushes to the brain this is where the short term euphoria feeling comes from. The come down from the psychology15second crack cocaine rush is very emotional it leaves the abuser in the state of depression, and a tremendous urge for more crack cocaine. Some crack abuser have shown schizophrenic tendencies, and hallucinations, example: Randy a twenty-three old black male smoke crack cocaine for two years straight one evening after a three day binge Randy started to hallucinate he saw rats running around his feet where there were no rats at all. From that point on Randy saw rats every time he would smoke crack cocaine until his death one year later from a seizer while smoking crack. Example two: Debbie a; thirty three: Thomas a thirty –six year old black male started snorting at the age of nineteen for an athletic injury. Snorting wasn’t strong enough after six months he started smoking, his habit grew, so large that he lied, and stole from his family just to feed the crack habit. Thomas crack cocaine abuse has caused him to lose his family, and friends he still smokes today while battling cancer of the throat. At this level, other drugs might not seem, so bad well don’t relax the new drugs are on the rise, and they are legal to have. Yes, legal cough syrup the new drug is called promethazine with codeine syrup; Promethazine/Codeine Syrup is a phenothiazine antihistamine and narcotic cough suppressant combination. The antihistamine works by blocking the action of histamine to reduce the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as runny nose and sinus drainage. The cough suppressant works in the brain to decrease the cough reflex (Kluwer). In addition there’re two other drugs Oxycontin and Vicodin these pain killers have a higher health, and death rate for abusers. A study was done from a data base of Medicare recipients. The recipients were issued five different kinds of pain killers from 1996-2005. The researchers study 6,300 patients who took Vicodin, Darvon, Oxycodone, Ultram, and Oxycontin. The patients who took the Vicodin suffer some type of heart problems or intensify the heart condition they already had in a 180 days period: Example, Mary 85 year old black female has congestive heart failure takes Vicodin everyday for the last six years by her taking this drug she is able to walk and move her body with minimum pain. Every five months mucus, and water builds in the heart arteries and it has to be flush. Yes, Ms Mary is addicted to Vicodin and will have to have it for the rest of her life (Tillman). In addition the patients who took Oxycontin were prone to some kind of fracture to their bodies. The study show that all five drugs cause death to patients in small numbers, but after 30 days, those who took Oxycodone were 2. 4 times more likely to die than those taking hydrocodone, and codeine users were twice as likely to die (Kluwer). Certainly, the new strains of Marijuana can’t be left out. The new marijuana strains consist of eight types and 95 different brands. These new strains are highly potent with THC factors ranging from 20% to 30% and not deadly. It will take a few more years to know the results of the affects the new strains of marijuana will have on people that smoke marijuana. To conclude with all the different kinds of medication on the market and easy availability of illegal or legal it would be easy for anyone to be a abuser of drugs without knowing. Each person that uses any type of medication illegal or legal should research their drugs of choice that includes prescription for the short and long terms affects that the drug will have on their bodies and health. Reference History of Drug Use Retrieved April 25, 2011 from: druglibrary. org/schaffer/history/casey1 De Quincey, Thomas. Confessions of an Opium Eater. Preface to the original edition of 1822; revised 1856. London: Oxford University Press. 1902; reprinted 1960. Retrieved April 25, 2011 from:http://books. google. com/books? National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Retrieved April 25, 2011from: nida. nih. gov/researchreports/cocaine/effects. html Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Issue Date: April 6, 2011Database Edition 11. 2. 1. 001Copyright  © 2011 Retrieved April 27, 2011 from drugs. com/cdi/promethazine-codeine-syrup. html Diana Tillman UOP student Retrieved April 25, 2011from personal notes files